Sustainability Handling Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi Indonesia

This study aims to (1) analyze the spatial integration of work as a determinant of the sustainability of the handling of slums in Makassar City; (2) analyze the direct and indirect effects of handling infrastructure, controlling environmental pollution, and socio-economic empowerment on improving the quality of slums and the sustainability of handling the slums of Makassar City. The research approach used is a sequential explanatory design, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. Data obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the acceleration of Makassar City development towards urban spatial integration had an impact on slum areas that developed at riverbanks and coastal areas. The results of the path analysis show that infrastructure has a direct effect on improving environmental quality by 12.46%, the direct effect of environmental pollution control on improving environmental quality by 10.69%, and the direct effect of socio-economic empowerment on handling slum settlements by 6.76%. Furthermore, the increase in Y was 63.58% and the effect of Y on Z was 67.57%. The direction of handling the Makassar City slums in the future is oriented to sustainable development including, improving the quality of infrastructure, increasing the productivity of economic ventures, increasing the capacity of government and community institutions in dealing with social problems, social conflicts, towards the creation of social cohesion, fulfillment of livable facilities that are livable and socially just. Key Wor: Slums Settlement, Spatial Integration, Socio-Economic, Environmental Degradation, Sustainable Development This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 CC-BY International license A. INTRODUCTION Excess urbanization for the case of large cities and metropolitan areas in Indonesia has a significant influence on increasing population, economic, social, environmental quality degradation, and the development of slums. Urbanization is a very complex phenomenon and its scope is very broad, covering social, economic, political, and geographic aspects (Surya, B, et al., 2020). Urbanization has quite complex impacts on economic inequality, the formation of social territory structures, and the complexity of the urban environment. Urbanization is a worldwide megatrend that has drastically changed people–environment interactions in the last decades and is expected to remain one of the main drivers of global change in the future (Buchecker, M and Frick, J, 2020). Furthermore, capital accumulation in the main city which dominantly tends to lean p-ISSN: 1411-3597 e-ISSN: 2527-7286 DOI: 10.35965/eco.v21i2.1108

on the economic growth triggers overurbanization, maximum compaction, and land use change (Surya, B, et al., 2020).  (Wilson and Wilson, 2016). The growth of cities leads a lot of problems like environmental degradation, traffic congestion, poverty, urban crime, and other social conflicts (Sui, D.Z, et al., 2001;Wilonoyudho, S, et al., 2017).
Economy growth of the Makassar City positively correlated with the big scaled, settlement development, space structure changes, space pattern, environmental degradation, and sufficiently complex social issues .
The acceleration of development of the Makassar City has a direct relation to the economy globalization in the level of area macro. Urbanization has become the determinant factor for spatial integration in the direction of social area structure formation. Such process was signed by the change of space utilization, poverty, and spatial segregation Kovacs, A.D, 2017).While cities atop the global hierarchy of the world's urban places attract wealth, glamour, and prestige, they are also said to be socially polarized to a greater degree than other cities and to attract international migrants disproportionately (Timberlake, M, et al., 2014). The change in space utilization which is very intensive causes the quality of the environment to decrease and the people's lifestyle to change (Sadorsky, P, 2014;Peng, J, et al., 2017;Wang, H, et al., 2017). The excess of urbanization caused by the involution of the Makassar City affects the increase of spatial needs for various activities such as housing, work, clan, leisure, and facilities (Mc. Gee, 1971;Todaro, 2011;.

Studi Area
Makassar City, as the capital of the

Method of Collecting Data
The data source in this research are: (

Determination of Research Informants and Respondents
Informants in this study, used for qualitative data collection. Determination of informants using the snowball method.
As the informant the researcher identified one of the community leaders who inhabited the location of the slums.
Furthermore, informants were also determined from several respondents who had been interviewed before. The aim is to explore some of the questions that will be answered in a questionnaire that requires a more detailed explanation. The where n refers to the sample size, N refers to the population size, and d refers to the error rate (0.5) or 5% of the 95% confidence level. The number of samples in this study were set at 400 respondents.
The research sample included 127 slums locations distributed in 15 sub-districts.

Data Analysis Technique
There are two processes of activities carried out by researchers in data analysis. and X 2 , correlation between X 1 and X 3 , and the correlation between X 2 and X 3 .
Such assumption was then tested using   (2) the inability of the community to get decent work; and (3)

Characteristics and Typology of Slum Settlements in Makassar City
Typology of slum settlement in the      (Liu, Y, et al., 2015;Surya, 2015b City is based on the sub-districts in Figure   9 below.   . Thus, an increase in the number of poor people in the Makassar City is positively associated with the existence of slums by occupying land that is illegal and has an impact on environmental quality. Finally, the oftendiscriminatory displacement that accompanies inner city redevelopment also tends to trigger social conflict (Zhang, C, et al., 2012).

Spatial Integration and Slum Settlement of the Makassar City
The that has been carried out in Table 1 below. Source: Primary data and analysis results Related interpretation proposed (Table 1)

Determinant of the Spatial Integration and Makassar City Economic Growth
The

Sustainability Slum Settlement Handling
Urban area spatial integration of the