Pengaruh Perbedaan Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hutan Piper aduncum L.

Abstract

Piper aduncum L., dikenal sebagai sirih hutan, merupakan tanaman dari famili Piperaceae yang secara tradisional dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati luka bakar, bisul, batuk, sariawan, dan gangguan saluran cerna. Tanaman ini diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh metode ekstraksi maserasi dan refluks terhadap kadar senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan alkaloid menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode refluks menghasilkan kadar fenolik dan alkaloid yang lebih tinggi (60,686 mg GAE/g dan 4,628 mg PE/g) dibandingkan maserasi (42,134 mg GAE/g dan 3,678 mg PE/g). Sebaliknya, kadar flavonoid lebih tinggi pada metode maserasi (30,726 mg QE/g) dibandingkan refluks (26,368 mg QE/g). Perbedaan metode ekstraksi berpengaruh terhadap komposisi metabolit sekunder dalam ekstrak daun sirih hutan.

Piper aduncum L., commonly known as forest betel, is a plant from the Piperaceae family that has traditionally been used to treat burns, boils, coughs, mouth ulcers, and digestive disorders. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maceration and reflux extraction methods on the levels of phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the reflux method produced higher levels of phenolics and alkaloids (60.686 mg GAE/g and 4.628 mg PE/g, respectively) compared to the maceration method (42.134 mg GAE/g and 3.678 mg PE/g). Conversely, the maceration method yielded a higher flavonoid content (30.726 mg QE/g) than the reflux method (26.368 mg QE/g). The differences in extraction methods significantly influenced the composition of secondary metabolites in the forest betel leaf extract.