Kajian Literatur Efektivitas Terapi Gabungan Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation dengan Kombinasi Brain-Computer Interface dan Virtual Reality Pada Peningkatan Keseimbangan dan Fungsi Motorik Pasien Pasca Stroke

Nanang Zulkarnain; Khuzaemah Claudia Sabrianti; Helena Putri Rante Tasak; Angel Anastasia Piter

doi:10.35965/eco.v25i2.7034

Authors

Nanang Zulkarnain Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Bosowa
Khuzaemah Claudia Sabrianti Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Bosowa
Helena Putri Rante Tasak Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Bosowa
Angel Anastasia Piter Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Bosowa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35965/eco.v25i2.7034

Keywords:

Stroke rehabilitation, motor recovery, BCI stroke, rTMS stroke, VR stroke rehabilitation

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas terapi gabungan Stimulasi Magnetik Transkranial berulang (rTMS), Antarmuka Otak-Komputer (BCI), dan Realitas Virtual (VR) dalam meningkatkan keseimbangan dan fungsi motorik pada pasien pasca-stroke. Tinjauan ini mengadopsi pendekatan berbasis literatur, memeriksa artikel ilmiah yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 dan 2024 yang bersumber dari basis data seperti PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Artikel yang ditinjau mencakup studi klinis dan tinjauan sistematis yang membahas pemulihan motorik dan neuroplastisitas pada pasien stroke. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa integrasi rTMS, BCI, dan VR menghasilkan luaran klinis yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan monoterapi. Terapi kombinasi ini meningkatkan skor Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), skor Berg Balance Scale (BBS), dan aktivasi area otak seperti korteks motorik primer (M1) dan area motorik suplementer (SMA). Lebih lanjut, terapi berbasis teknologi meningkatkan keterlibatan dan motivasi pasien selama rehabilitasi. Dengan demikian, integrasi rTMS, BCI, dan VR menghadirkan pendekatan yang menjanjikan dan efektif untuk mendukung pemulihan pascastroke. Namun, implementasi yang luas masih menghadapi tantangan seperti biaya tinggi, keterbatasan teknologi, kurangnya tenaga profesional terampil, dan kebutuhan akan rencana perawatan individual. Oleh karena itu, penelitian lebih lanjut dan uji klinis skala besar diperlukan untuk mendukung penerapan optimal pendekatan multimoda ini.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combined repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Brain- Computer Interface (BCI), and Virtual Reality (VR) therapies in improving balance and motor function in post-stroke patients. This review adopts a literature-based approach, examining scientific articles published between 2018 and 2024 sourced from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The reviewed articles include clinical studies and systematic reviews that discuss motor recovery and neuroplasticity in stroke patients. Findings indicate that the integration of rTMS, BCI, and VR yields more significant clinical outcomes compared to monotherapies. This combination therapy enhances Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) scores, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, and the activation of brain areas such as the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Moreover, technology-based therapies increase patient engagement and motivation during rehabilitation. Thus, the integration of rTMS, BCI, and VR presents a promising and effective approach to supporting post-stroke recovery. However, widespread implementation still faces challenges such as high costs, technological limitations, the shortage of skilled professionals, and the need for individualized treatment plans. Therefore, further research and large-scale clinical trials are necessary to support the optimal application of this multimodal approach.

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