Journal of International and Local Studies

Indonesia's Foreign Policy: Grasping the Public's Perspective on the War in Ukraine

Raka Pamungkas — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research emphasizes the importance of public opinion for Indonesia’s foreign policy in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war. As a middle-power democracy, Indonesia should recognize public opinion as a crucial component in formulating its foreign policy toward the war. On this note, Indonesian public opinion remains influenced by anti-Western sentiments, leading to empathy towards Russia and President Vladimir Putin. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s voting position at the 11th Emergency Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) related to the Russia-Ukraine war did not align with this public opinion. The Government of Indonesia based its stance on full respect for Ukraine’s sovereignty and concerns about the humanitarian consequences on civilians. Nevertheless, Indonesia refrained from supporting economic sanctions against Russia and continued to invite President Vladimir Putin to the G20 Summit in 2022. In this regard, Indonesia employs a “pragmatic equidistant” foreign policy towards Russia and Ukraine, aiming to maximize partnerships based on national interests without being drawn into any sphere of influence. While public opinion should not be the sole determinant in Indonesia’s foreign policymaking, it remains significant to ensure the legitimacy of the democratic process. Therefore, after looking at the benefits and challenges of three policy choices, this policy paper strongly recommends establishing a partnership with reputable Public Opinion research institutions in Indonesia. This is the most feasible and practical option for the MoFA’s medium- and long-term strategies to assert Indonesia’s stance as a middle-power democracy.

Deterministik Realisme: Analisa Potensi Aneksasi Taiwan oleh Tiongkok

Muhammad Arrafi Rizcy Deanto, Nur Isdah Idris — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Situasi antara Tiongkok dan Taiwan telah lama diwarnai oleh ketegangan dan potensi konflik militer. Tiongkok menegaskan klaim kedaulatannya atas pulau Taiwan dan tidak segan mengancam tindakan militer jika Taiwan memproklamasikan kemerdekaan secara resmi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemungkinan aneksasi Taiwan oleh Tiongkok melalui sudut pandang deterministik realisme, sebuah perspektif yang menekankan pada peran kekuatan militer dalam menjaga keseimbangan kekuatan dan mencegah konflik terbuka. Dengan mengevaluasi faktor-faktor seperti kapabilitas militer, aliansi strategis, dan kepentingan nasional, penelitian ini berupaya memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang potensi konflik di Selat Taiwan dan implikasinya bagi dinamika kekuatan di kawasan tersebut.

The Humanity Aspect of Art and Creative Process in The Midst of Industry Era 4.0 Towards The Era of Society 5.0

Sitti Aaisyah, Duala Oktoriani — Mon, 08 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

In the era of advanced technology where Artificial Intelligence (AI) is developing so rapidly and has become an integral part of human life, its existence has many influences on how humans live their lives. The speed and convenience offered by AI comes with negative impacts such as degradation of humans' main potential (creation, taste and intention). This is possible when AI is not controlled scientifically and ethically. When civilization from the industrial era 4.0 moves towards the era of society 5.0, AI technology becomes a necessity. Changes in this era also have implications for humans in interpreting art and the creative process. It is very important to step back and review the ethical aspects of technology so that AI, which is ideally intended to help humans do better work, can be implemented wisely.

Upaya Pengembangan Desa Wisata Berbasis Sustainable Tourism di Desa Barania, Kecamatan Sinjai Barat

Andi Sarkiah Fadillah, Rosnani Rosnani — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The purpose of this research is to determine the efforts made by the government of Barania Village in developing the tourism potential it has into a sustainable tourism village which can support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach aimed at providing a clear description and explanation of the efforts and strategies of the government of Barania Village in developing sustainable tourism villages while considering indicators of sustainable development. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review. The results of this study show that in implementing sustainable tourism village development, the government of Barania Village has implemented several strategies in utilizing and managing natural resources, structured fund allocation, using technology and information to promote Barania tourism village, and providing facilities and infrastructure. In addition, community involvement in the development of tourism villages is a necessity because the participation of the community from the planning stage to management can accelerate the achievement of sustainable development goals, especially in improving the welfare of village communities in various aspects of life. The expected outcome of this research is to provide an overview of the efforts and strategies carried out by the government of Barania Village in developing the potential of sustainable tourism villages that can support the acceleration of achieving sustainable development goals.

Keterlibatan Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) dalam Transformasi Konflik Aceh

A. M. Ali Imran, Arief Wicaksono — Mon, 31 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0800

In a conflict, the presence of a third party is required to act as a mediator if a conflict cannot be resolved by the two (or more) parties involved in the conflict. The presence of a third party as a mediator and facilitator is sometimes accompanied by implicit elements of interest behind their involvement. This research is descriptive-qualitative, based on previous research, books, and journals similar to the primary data sources. The author will sort, elaborate, analyze and conclude the facts related to CMI's interests in its involvement in the RI-GAM conflict. In this research, it is proven that CMI is a third-party actor whose involvement as a mediator has more or less had a positive political and economic impact on relations between Indonesia as one of the conflict actors and Finland, which incidentally is the country of origin of CMI. As explained in this research, CMI's involvement led to the birth of collaborations between Indonesia and Finland. This political interest also does not escape the essential roles of the international community, which is a supporting element with CMI in resolving the Aceh conflict.

Upaya Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) dalam Mengatasi Rasisme Sepak Bola di Italia

Muh. Fiqry Ahsabannur Amri, Beche Bt. Mamma — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research aims to determine UEFA's efforts to overcome cases of racism that occurred in Italian football in the 2017-2022 period. This research uses the concept of International Cooperation put forward by Robert Axelhord and Robert Keohane in answering the problem formulation. The research results show that the phenomenon of racism in Italy has been rooted for a long time because there is still an ideology attached to some Italian people. These acts of racism were carried out by unscrupulous supporters against black players. One of them is FARE since the early 2000’s, which has become UEFA's closest partner in fighting racism by issuing several regulations and of course anti-racism activities. In the 2017-2019 period, there were various incidents of racism in the Italian League, peaking in 2019 with several series of cases. In 2020, racist incidents in stadiums decreased drastically due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Incidents of racism continue to occur even though strict sanctions have been given and all campaigns have been carried out but they have not had a deterrent effect and a significant reduction in incidents of racism in the Italian league.

Upaya UNICEF dalam Mengembangkan Model Gerakan Anti Perundungan terhadap Anak Sekolah melalui Program Roots di Kota Makassar Tahun 2016-2018

Liliani Toding Talantan, Zulkhair Burhan — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research aims to understand UNICEF's efforts in developing an anti-bullying movement model through the Roots Program.through the Roots Program. Bullying in school children is a familiar bullying itself has become a global phenomenon. In 2016-2018 UNICEF, together with the Government of Indonesia and the Yayasan Indonesia Mengabdi Foundation collaborated in testing the implementation of the Roots Program in Makassar City as a first phase trial. This research uses the concept of International Organizations through Clive Archer's views in understanding the role of the Roots Program in creating an anti-bullying campaign movement in schools. The results showed that there were three ways of developing the anti-bullying movement model which was implemented during the first phase of the pilot test in Makassar City, namely, 1) Roots Day anti-bullying campaign at school; 2) Formation of Agenn Perubahan; 3) Dissemination of positive messages and behaviors. This research concludes that these methods are successful in overcoming the problem of bullying in SMPN 37 and SMPN 10 Makassar.

Kerjasama Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) dalam Rencana Aksi Percepatan Pengurangan Jumlah Anak Tidak Sekolah di Sulawesi Selatan

Putri Amalia Pratiwi — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

The collaboration between the South Sulawesi Provincial Government and UNICEF in the action plan to accelerate the reduction in the number of out-of-school children is one of the efforts or forms of seriousness of the South Sulawesi government in responding to the issue of out-of-school children in South Sulawesi, with Bone and Takalar Districts as the first trial sites for this program. This study uses a qualitative research method that will describe this collaboration objectively. In addition, this study will be explained through the concept of international cooperation by analyzing the implementation of this collaboration based on aspects of the concept. Thus, it is explained that the action to accelerate the reduction in the number of dropouts in Bone and Takalar has not been optimal because it produces a fluctuating trend.

Strategi Ekspor Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil PT. Sri Rejeki Isman ke Amerika Serikat di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Andi Tenriola, Ayu Kartika Julianingsih Tas'an — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

This research aims to analyze various export strategies of Indonesian textile and textile products (TPT) to the United States carried out by PT. Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk (Sritex) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a literature research method by analyzing various literature related to the export of textile and textile products by PT. Sritex. The results of this research show that Sritex utilizes various strategies to maintain and increase its product exports to the United States amidst the pandemic. Strategies used include product differentiation, low costs, product line focus, fiscal incentives from the government, textile 4.0 road map, production capacity enhancement, production process planning system improvement, approach to target countries, commodity determination, and increased engagement through E-commerce. Despite facing significant challenges due to the pandemic, Sritex successfully maintained its market share of TPT in the United States. This research refers to the theory of competitive advantage by Michael E. Porter to ensure the company's success in facing changing global market challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study provides recommendations for other TPT companies planning to expand their export markets to the United States and other countries during uncertain times due to global uncertainty challenges.

Secularism and Democracy: A Comparative Study of Turkey and Indonesia

Muhammad Fahmi Basyhah Fauzi, Muh. Asy'ari — Wed, 31 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0800

Turkey and Indonesia, while sharing similarities as Muslim-majority democracies with a presidential system, also exhibit distinct differences. Geographically, Indonesia is located in Southeast Asia, separating the Pacific and Indian Oceans, whereas Turkey serves as a bridge between Asia and Europe. Despite their differences, both countries practice secularism, with Turkey often cited as a successful example of a Muslim-majority state maintaining secular governance. Indonesia, despite its diverse ethnic and religious landscape, also upholds the separation of religion and politics. This paper will explore the practice of secularism in both Turkey and Indonesia, examining its historical background, relationship with democracy, and compatibility with Islam. The first part will cover the concept of secularism, while subsequent parts will focus on the implementation of secularism in Turkey and Indonesia, respectively.