Bronkopneumonia Pada Anak Umur Nol Sampai Satu Tahun Dan Asap Rokok
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35965/eco.v23i2.3094Keywords:
Bronkopneumonia, Asap Rokok, Tinjauan PustakaAbstract
Asap rokok mengandung berbagai zat berbahaya, termasuk nikotin, tar, karbon monoksida, dan karsinogen. Paparan asap rokok pada anak usia 0-1 tahun dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan saluran nafas mereka. Anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami penyumbatan saluran nafas, penurunan fungsi paru-paru, dan infeksi saluran pernapasan, termasuk bronkopneumonia. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pendidikan dan kesadaran tentang bahaya asap rokok harus ditingkatkan, terutama di kalangan orang tua. Menciptakan lingkungan bebas asap rokok di rumah dan tempat-tempat umum yang sering dikunjungi anak juga penting. Dukungan harus diberikan kepada orang tua yang ingin berhenti merokok, dengan menyediakan informasi dan sumber daya yang diperlukan. Kampanye publik yang kuat perlu dilakukan untuk menyadarkan masyarakat akan dampak negatif merokok pasif pada kesehatan anak. Selain itu, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum terkait larangan merokok harus ditingkatkan. Dengan mengimplementasikan langkah-langkah ini, diharapkan dapat mengurangi paparan asap rokok pada anak usia 0-1 tahun dan mengurangi kejadian bronkopneumonia yang disebabkan oleh paparan tersebut. Perlunya perlindungan yang kuat terhadap anak-anak dari paparan asap rokok harus ditekankan untuk memastikan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan mereka
Cigarette smoke contains a variety of harmful substances, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and carcinogens. Exposure to cigarette smoke at the age of 0-1 years can interfere with the growth and development of their respiratory tract. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher risk of developing airway obstruction, decreased lung function, and respiratory infections, including bronchopneumonia. To overcome this problem, education and awareness about the dangers of cigarette smoke must be increased, especially among parents. Creating a smoke-free environment at home and in public places that children frequent is also important. Support should be provided to parents who wish to quit smoking, by providing the necessary information and resources. A strong public campaign needs to be carried out to make people aware of the negative impact of passive smoking on children's health. In addition, supervision and law enforcement related to smoking ban must be improved. By implementing these steps, it is expected to reduce exposure to cigarette smoke in children aged 0-1 years and reduce the incidence of bronchopneumonia caused by this exposure. The need for strong protection of children from exposure to secondhand smoke must be emphasized to ensure their health and well-being
Downloads
References
Ardia A. Perilaku Merokok Orangtua Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pneumonia Pada Balita. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan [Internet]. 2019;16 (1):1–8. Available from: https://doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v15i2.138
Ardillah Y, Sari IP, Budi IS. Residential Factors Of Pneumonia: A Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat [Internet]. 2019;10(3):147–52. Available from: http://ejournal.fkm.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jikm
Aslan S, Gayret OB, Erol M, Isikli SM, Buke O, Ozel A. Determination of the Relation Between Passive Cigarette Smoking in Children and Respiratory Tract Infections by Evaluation of Urine Cotinine/Creatinine Levels. Haseki Tip Bulteni. 2022 Jun 1;60(3):254–62.
Baskaran V, Murray RL, Hunter A, Lim WS, McKeever TM. Effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing community acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019 Jul 1;14(7).
Chousein EGU, Cortuk M, Cinarka H, Tanriverdi E, Turan D, Yildirim BZ, et al. Is there any effect of smoking status on severity and mortality of hospitalized patients with covid-19 pneumonia? Tuberk Toraks. 2020;68(4):371–8.
Dag H, Kaya A, Arica V, Hatipoglu SS, Karatekin G, Gedik H. Plasma and Urine Malondialdehyde Levels of Infants with Acute Bronkopneumonia in the Assessment of Oxidative Response. J Infect Dis Med. 2018;03(01).
El-Azami-El-Idrissi M, Lakhdar-Idrissi M, Chaouki S, Atmani S, Bouharrou A, Hida M. Pediatric recurrent respiratory tract infections: When and how to explore the immune system? (About 53 cases). Pan African Medical Journal. 2016 May 12;24.
Ferreira WF da S, Carvalho DS de, Wandalsen GF, Sole D, Sarinho ESC, Medeiros D, et al. Associated factors with recurrent wheezing in infants: is there difference between the sexes? J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021 Nov 1;97(6):629–36.
Fitrianto A, Azman WZ, Muhamad W. Logistic regression model for identifying factors affecting hospitalization of children with pneumonia [Internet]. Vol. 13, Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika. 2022. Available from: http://ejournal.radenintan.ac.id/index.php/al-jabar/index
Garcia-Marcos L, Mallol J, Sole D, Brand PLP, Martinez-Torres A, Sanchez-Solis M. Pneumonia and wheezing in the first year: An international perspective. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015 Dec 1;50(12):1277–85.
Harnani Y, Hamidy R, Afandi D. Spatial Analysis of Pneumonia in Toddlers Based on Environmental, Individual, and Behavior Factors in Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province. Vol. 14, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology.
Hellemons ME, Moor CC, Thüsen J von der, Rossius M, Odink A, Thorgersen LH, et al. Desquamative interstitial pneumonia: A systematic review of its features and outcomes. European Respiratory Review. 2020 Jun 30;29(156):1–12.
Hotria Siregar P. The Relationship Between the Role of Parents and Children In The Prevention Of Pneumonia To Toddlers at Rejosari Health Center Pekanbaru City. International Journal Of Artificial Intelegence Research [Internet]. 2022;6(01):2579–7298. Available from: http://ijair.id
Islam MS, Paul G, Ong HX, Young PM, Gu YT, Saha SC. A review of respiratory anatomical development, air flow characterization and particle deposition. Vol. 17, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI AG; 2020.
Khuri-Bulos N, Lawrence L, Piya B, Wang L, Fonnesbeck C, Faouri S, et al. Severe outcomes associated with respiratory viruses in newborns and infants: A prospective viral surveillance study in Jordan. BMJ Open. 2018 May 1;8(5).
Kiconco G, Turyasiima M, Ndamira A, Yamile OA, Egesa WI, Ndiwimana M, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia among under-fives with acute respiratory symptoms: a cross sectional study at a Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi District, Western Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2021;21(4):1701–10.
Le Roux DM, Nicol MP, Vanker A, Nduru PM, Zar HJ. Factors associated with serious outcomes of pneumonia among children in a birth cohort in South Africa. PLoS One. 2021 Aug 1;16(8 August).
Lomauro A, Aliverti A. Sex and gender in respiratory physiology. European Respiratory Review. 2021 Dec 31;30(162).
Loto-Aso E, Howie SRC, Grant CC. Childhood pneumonia in New Zealand. J Paediatr Child Health. 2022 May 1;58(5):752–7.
Mondal D, Paul P. Effects of indoor pollution on acute respiratory infections among under-five children in India: Evidence from a nationally representative population-based study. PLoS One. 2020 Aug 1;15(8 August).
Park MH, Han HS, Lee HS. Inhaler Usage Training for Mothers of Infants with Respiratory Disease [Internet]. Vol. 12, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. 2019. Available from: http://www.irphouse.com
Putri IM, Nopriyanti A. The Impact of Malnutrition on the Increasing Risk of Bronkopneumonia Among Under Five-Year children. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2021 Jun 30;15(6):1506–8.
Rachmillah F, Buton LD, Mulyani S. Determinant Of Pneumonia In Children Under Five Years Old Related To Environmental And Behavioral Factors. Indonesian Journal Of Health Sciences Research And Development (IJHSRD). 2023 Jun 27;5(1):112–8.
Rafael B, Romeo P, Ndoen EM. Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Pneumonia in Children Under Five in Tarus, Central Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior [Internet]. 2023;(02):140–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2023.08.02.08.
Rivas-Juesas C, Monge LF, Vicente AD, García AL, Crespo MG, Sinisterra AC. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and asthma during the first year of life: a comparative study between smokers and nonsmoker mothers. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49(5):32–41.
Saikia D, Mahanta B. Cardiovascular and respiratory physiology in children. Vol. 63, Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications; 2019. p. 690–7.
Sharfina D. CARING: Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science The Coherence of Smoking Behavior Towards Acute Respiratory Infection Cases in Toddlers. CARING: Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science (IJNS). 2021;3(1):21–9.
Sonawane AA, Shastri J, Bavdekar SB. Respiratory Pathogens in Infants Diagnosed with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western India Using Multiplex Real Time PCR. Indian J Pediatr. 2019 May 1;86(5):433–8.
WHO Report On The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021 Addressing new and emerging products fresh and alive.
Winarsih W, Kusumawati W, Anjarwati A. The correlation between family smoking habits and mosquito coils use with pneumonia incidences in toddlers. Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery. 2019 Nov 4;2(2):69–74.
Zar HJ, Moore DP, Andronikou S, Argent AC, Avenant T, Cohen C, et al. Prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in children: South African Thoracic Society guidelines (part 4). South African Medical Journal. 2020 Aug 1;110(8):741–6.
Zhuge Y, Qian H, Zheng X, Huang C, Zhang Y, Li B, et al. Effects of parental smoking and indoor tobacco smoke exposure on respiratory outcomes in children. Sci Rep. 2020 Dec 1;10(1).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sriwati Palaguna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
