Evaluasi Penanganan Permukiman Kumuh

Studi Pada Penanganan Program Kotaku Kelurahan Banggae Kabupaten Majene

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi permukiman saat ini di Kelurahan Banggae Kecamatan Banggae pasca pelaksanaan program Kotaku,  mengevaluasi penanganan permukiman kumuh dalam pelaksanaan program Kotaku, dan mengevaluasi perubahan, manfaat dan dampak yang dihasilkan dari penanganan permukiman kumuh dalam pelaksanaan program Kotaku. Tipe penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan desain eksploratif, komparatif dan evaluatif. Fokus penelitian adalah evaluasi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan hasil penanganan permukiman kumuh dengan program Kotaku. Instrumen penelitian peneliti sendiri, peta lokasi, pedoman observasi atau survei, pedoman wawancara, dan perlengkapan peralatan lainnya. Jenis data kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dan sumber data berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data dikoleksi melalui dua pendekatan yakni library study (studi kepustakaan) dan field study (studi lapangan). Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasca pelaksanaan program Kotaku, evaluasi kondisi permukiman saat ini di Kelurahan Banggae Tahun 2019 masih berstatus atau dikategorikan kumuh ringan (sedang). Hasil evaluasi secara keseluruhan menunjukkan, selain penanganan dominan action plan (hanya sebahagian real action), pilihan pendekatan penanganan juga masih banyak bersifat tunggal dan monoton, tidak terintegratif dan komprehensif dalam penyelesaian/ penuntasan akar masalah dan kebutuhan problem solving. Akibatnya, pola pendekatan penanganan dan pilihan intervensi menjadi tidak efektif serta tidak tuntas. Evaluasi perubahan, manfaat dan dampak berdasarkan indikator dalam perbandingan kondisi permukiman kumuh sebelum dan pasca pelaksanaan program Kotaku menunjukkan aneka ragam permasalahan dihadapi oleh masyarakat lokal dan lingkungan permukiman belum sepenuhnya terentaskan. Perubahan yang menonjol adalah pembangunan infrastruktur dan sarana prasarana dasar terutama jalan lingkungan dan drainase, namun untuk indikator-indikator lainnya masih tetap. Ada kesenjangan atau ketimpangan realisasi antar indikator, serta belum tuntasnya penanganan semua indikator permukiman kumuh.

This study aimed to evaluate current condition at Banggae after program of Kota Tanpa Kumuh (Kotaku) [a program to actualize a city without slum’s area], to evaluate the handling of a slum area residence within Kotaku program implementation, and to evaluate changes, benefits and impacts resulted from the slum area management in the implementation of Kotaku program. This research is a qualitative descriptive research, with explorative, comparative and evaluative designs. The focus fo this study was to evaluate planning, implementation and output-outcome of the slum area management in Kotaku program. Instruments used include investigator as self-participant, a map of the location, a survey or observation guideline, an interview guideline, and other facilities. The data are quantitative ase well as qualitative and the sources of the data are from primary and secondary data. All data were collected using two approaches, namely literature study and field study. The data were analyzed with a qualitative approach. The result of this study indicated that after the implementation of Kotaku program, the evaluation of current condition in Banggae is still in middle or light slum category. The overall evaluation results show, in addition to the dominant handling of the action plan (only half of it as real action), many options for handling approaches are still singular and monotonous, not integrated and comprehensive in solving root causes and problem-solving needs. As a result, the pattern of treatment approaches and choice of intervention become ineffective and incomplete. Evaluation of changes, benefits and impacts based on the indicators in a comparison of the conditions of slum area before and after the implementation of the Kotaku program shows that the various problems faced by local communities and the settlement environment have not been completely resolved. The change that stands out is the development of infrastructures and basic facilities, especially the roads and drainage, but for other indicators it remains. There are gaps or imbalances in the realization of the indicators, as well as the incomplete handling of all indicators of slum area.