MENGGUGAT SISTEM REAKTIF: KAJIAN DISKUALIFIKASI CALON DALAM PUTUSAN MK PILKADA 2024 DAN KEBUTUHAN REFORMULASI HUKUM PEMILU

Authors

  • Azry Yusuf Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Handayani Makassar
  • Respaty Namruddin Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Handayani Makassar
  • Mirfan Mirfan Program Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Handayani Makassar
  • Mila Jumarlis Program Studi Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam STAIN Majene
  • Muh. Fachrur Razy Mahka Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Handayani Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v7i2.6311

Keywords:

Diskualifikasi Calon, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Pelanggaran Administratif, Bawaslu, Pilkada 2024

Abstract

Pemilu di Indonesia pascareformasi masih menghadapi tantangan serius, khususnya pada tahap pencalonan yang kerap diwarnai pelanggaran administratif strategis dan tidak ditangani secara tuntas oleh lembaga pengawas. Kondisi ini memaksa Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) menjalankan fungsi korektif setelah pemungutan suara, menciptakan jurang kelembagaan antara Bawaslu sebagai pengawas administratif dan MK sebagai pengadil hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kelemahan sistem reaktif dalam penyelesaian sengketa pemilu serta menawarkan model integratif antara Bawaslu dan MK guna mendorong koreksi dini atas pelanggaran administratif yang berdampak konstitusional. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif dan yuridis-empiris, dengan data primer berupa putusan MK terkait diskualifikasi calon pada Pilkada 2024, serta data sekunder dari peraturan, literatur akademik, dan wawancara pakar. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, analisis isi, dan perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 309 perkara yang diajukan ke MK, sebanyak 74,8% tidak dapat diterima karena alasan formil, sementara 11 perkara yang dikabulkan sebagian mengandung amar diskualifikasi calon akibat pelanggaran administratif dalam pencalonan. Temuan ini menyoroti lemahnya kapasitas koreksi dini oleh Bawaslu dan pentingnya reformulasi yurisdiksi MK serta penguatan kewenangan ajudikatif Bawaslu. Model integratif Bawaslu–MK yang ditawarkan dalam penelitian ini berpotensi membentuk sistem keadilan pemilu yang lebih proaktif, substantif, dan konstitusional.

Post-reform elections in Indonesia continue to face serious challenges, particularly in the nomination stage, which is often marked by strategic administrative violations that remain unaddressed. This condition compels the Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi/MK) to perform corrective functions after voting, creating an institutional gap between Bawaslu as the administrative supervisor and MK as the adjudicator of results. This study aims to examine the weaknesses of the reactive system in electoral dispute resolution and propose an integrative model between Bawaslu and MK to enable early correction of constitutionally significant administrative violations. The research applies both normative and empirical juridical approaches, using primary data from MK’s decisions on candidate disqualification in the 2024 regional elections (Pilkada) and secondary data from legislation, academic literature, and expert interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods, content analysis, and comparative analysis. The findings reveal that out of 309 cases filed, 74.8% were dismissed on formal grounds, while 11 partially granted cases included candidate disqualifications due to administrative violations during the nomination phase. These results highlight Bawaslu’s inability to perform early correction effectively and emphasize the urgent need for jurisdictional reform of MK and the strengthening of Bawaslu’s adjudicative authority. The proposed integrative model offers the potential to establish a more proactive, substantive, and constitutional electoral justice system.

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Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Yusuf, A., Namruddin, R. ., Mirfan, M., Jumarlis, M. ., & Mahka, M. F. R. . (2025). MENGGUGAT SISTEM REAKTIF: KAJIAN DISKUALIFIKASI CALON DALAM PUTUSAN MK PILKADA 2024 DAN KEBUTUHAN REFORMULASI HUKUM PEMILU. Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, 7(2), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.35965/ijlf.v7i2.6311

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