Analisis Mitigasi Bencana Tanah Longsor Di Kecamatan Kalukku Kabupaten Mamuju
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35965/ursj.v7i2.6043Keywords:
Bencana, Longsor, Kecamatan Kalukku, Kabupaten MamujuAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran lokasi potensi rawan bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Kalukku Kabupaten Mamuju, menganalisis dampak dan resiko dari bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Kalukku Kabupaten Mamuju dan menganalisis strategi mitigasi bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Kalukku Kabupaten Mamuju. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang berfokus pada mitigasi bencana tanah longsor di Kecamatan Kalukku, Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat, dilaksanakan selama kurag lebih 3 (tiga) bulan mulai Oktober hingga Desember 2024. Menggunakan informan utama (peneliti) dan pendukung (masyarakat terdampak) yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data primer meliputi kondisi fisik dan lingkungan, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari sumber eksternal seperti BPS dan literatur ilmiah. Teknik analisis mencakup analisis spasial dengan GIS (ArcGIS 9.3) dan wawancara menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Kalukku memiliki potensi tinggi terhadap longsor karena kondisi geologinya yang didominasi oleh batuan vulkanik yang mudah lapuk. Selain itu, wilayah ini memiliki kemiringan lereng yang curam (>40%) serta curah hujan tinggi yang semakin meningkatkan risiko longsor. Faktor tektonik akibat pertemuan tiga lempeng utama juga berkontribusi terhadap ketidakstabilan tanah. Longsor di Kecamatan Kalukku berdampak besar pada infrastruktur, lingkungan, dan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat. Kerusakan jalan, jembatan, serta rumah penduduk sering terjadi, menyebabkan terganggunya akses transportasi dan aktivitas ekonomi. Dampak lingkungan meliputi degradasi tanah dan sedimentasi sungai yang berisiko memicu banjir. Dari sisi sosial, masyarakat mengalami trauma, kehilangan tempat tinggal, dan mata pencaharian.Strategi mitigasi mencakup pemetaan daerah rawan, reforestasi untuk meningkatkan stabilitas tanah, pembangunan sistem drainase yang baik, serta edukasi masyarakat tentang tanda-tanda longsor. Selain itu, pemasangan sistem peringatan dini dan penerapan kebijakan tata ruang berbasis risiko sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak bencana.
This study aims to 1) analyze the distribution of potential landslide-prone locations in Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency; 2) analyze the impacts and risks of landslides in Kalukku subdistrict, Mamuju district; and 3) Analizyng landslide disaster mitigation strategy in Kalukku subdistrict, Mamuju ditrict. This research is a qualitative descriptive study focusing on landslide disaster mitigation in Kalukku subdistrict, Mamuju district, West Sulawesi, conducted over approximately three (3) months from October to December 2024. The study involved primary informants (researchers) and supporting informants (affected communities) selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. Primary data included physical and environmental conditions, while secondary data were obtained from external sources such as the Central Bureau of Statistics and scientific literature. The analytical techniques included spatial analysis using GIS (ArcGIS 9.3) and interviews using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The findings of this study indicate that Kalukku subdistrict has a high potential for landslides due to its geological conditions, which are predominantly composed of easily weathered volcanic rocks. Additionally, the area features steep slopes (>40%) and high rainfall, further increasing the landslide risk. Tectonic factors resulting from the convergence of three major tectonic plates also contribute to soil instability. Landslides in Kalukku subdistrict significantly impact infrastructure, the environment, and the socio-economic conditions of the community. Frequent damage to roads, bridges, and residential houses disrupts transportation access and economic activities. Environmental impacts include soil degradation and river sedimentation, which may trigger flooding. Socially, the community faces trauma, loss of homes, and livelihoods. Mitigation strategy include mapping hazard-prone areas, reforestation to enhance soil stability, constructing proper drainage systems, and educating the public on landslide warning signs. Additionally, the installation of early warning systems and the implementation of risk-based spatial planning policies are essential to reducing disaster impacts.
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