Analisis Dampak Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Terhadap Potensi Banjir Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Tallo

Azis Priatna; Batara Surya; Syafri Syafri

doi:10.35965/ursj.v7i2.6060

Authors

Azis Priatna Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Bosowa
Batara Surya Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Bosowa
Syafri Syafri Program Studi Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Bosowa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35965/ursj.v7i2.6060

Keywords:

Banjir, DAS Tallo, Pemodelan, Penggunaan lahan

Abstract

Daerah Aliras Sungai Tallo merupakan salah satu Daerah Aliras Sungai yang penting di Sulawesi Selatan, dimana bagian hilirnya merupakan wilayah pemukiman Kota Makassar. Kondisi DAS Tallo telah mengalami penurunan kualitas yang ditandai dengan terjadinya erosi dan tanah longsor serta banjir terutama pada daerah hilir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan, dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan pada terhadap potensi banjir serta membangun model pengendalian banjir pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Tallo. Jenis data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data hidrologi dan data spasial (Geographic Information System) GIS. Data hidrologi meliputi data curah hujan 2014-2024 di Stasiun curah hujan (CH) wilayah DAS Tallo. Data spasial GIS meliputi koordinat Stasiun Pengamatan Arus Sungai (SPAS) dan Stasiun CH, penggunaan lahan DAS Tallo tahun 1990 sampai dengan tahun 2023, jenis tanah, batas DAS Tallo, jaringan Sungai Das Tallo, kelerengan dan RBI kontur Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis GIS menggunakan software Arc-GIS 9.3. Analisis pendugaan debit puncak menggunakan model rasional. Analisis hidrologi menggunakan HEC-RAS dimulai dengan memodelkan geometri sungai pada RAS Mapper di HEC-RAS dengan peta DEM. Skenario pengelolaan DAS dilakuka dengan membangun 4 model simulasi yaitu model eksisting (Model 1), model pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau (Model 2), model pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau dan biopori (Model 3) dan Model pengelolaan ruang terbuka hijau dan biopori dan rehabilitasi DAS 30% (Model 4). Simulasi terhadap scenario dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak (Software) Stella 9.02. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi Perubahan penggunaan lahan Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Tallo Tahun 1990-2023 secara siginfikan, konversi lahan permukiman meningkat dari 5,415,50 ha menjadi 14.701,53 ha (21,40%%) selain itu terjadi penurunan signifikat terhadap lahan berhutan. Perubahan penggunaan lahan menyebabkan peningkatan laju aliran permukaan pada DAS Tallo dengan laju peningkatan volume aliran permukaan adalah 806,872,29 m3/tahun sehingga berdampak pada potensi banjir terutama pada daerah hilir. Skenario pemodelan banjir dengan pengelolaan DAS secara terpadu dengan Penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) pada semua wilayah pemukiman sebesar 30% dan atau teknologi biopori yang dibuat sedalam 1 meter dengan diameter lubang sekitar 0,10 meter yang ditanam dengan jarak 10 x 10 (100 lubang per hektar) pada 30% wilayah pemukiman serta rehabilitasi DAS 30% dapat mengendalikan banjir dengan menurunkan volume aliran permukaan masing-masing sebesar 64,81% dari aliran permukaan keseluruhan pada DAS Tallo.

The Tallo watershed is one of the important river basins in South Sulawesi, where the downstream part is the residential area of Makassar City. The condition of the Tallo watershed has experienced a decline in quality, characterized by erosion, landslides and flooding, especially in downstream areas. This research aims to analyze land use changes, the impact of land use changes on potential flooding and build a flood control model in the Tallo River Basin (DAS). The types of data required in this research include hydrological data and GIS spatial (Geographic Information System) data. Hydrological data includes rainfall data for 2014-2024 at the rainfall station (CH) in the Tallo watershed area. GIS spatial data includes coordinates of the River Flow Observation Station (SPAS) and CH Station, Tallo Watershed land use from 1990 to 2023, soil type, Tallo Watershed boundaries, Tallo River network, slope and RBI contour of South Sulawesi Province. Data analysis was carried out using GIS analysis using Arc-GIS 9.3 software; Analysis of peak discharge estimation using a rational model. Hydrological analysis using HEC-RAS begins by modeling river geometry on RAS Mapper in HEC-RAS with DEM maps. The watershed management scenario was carried out by building 4 simulation models, namely the existing model (Model 1), the green open space management model (Model 2), the green open space and biopore management model (Model 3) and the green open space and biopore management model and 30% watershed rehabilitation (Model 4). Simulation of the scenario was carried out using Stella 9.02 software. The results of the research show that there has been a significant change in land use in the Tallo River Watershed (DAS) in 1990-2023, residential land conversion increased from 5,415.50 ha to 14,701.53 ha (21.40%%) in addition to a significant decrease in forested land. Changes in land use cause an increase in surface flow rates in the Tallo watershed with an increase in surface flow volume of 806,872.29 m3/year, thus having an impact on the potential for flooding, especially in downstream areas. Flood modeling scenario with integrated watershed management by providing 30% green open space (RTH) in all residential areas and/or biopore technology made 1 meter deep with a hole diameter of around 0.10 meters planted at a distance of 10 x 10 (100 holes per hectare) in 30% of residential areas and 30% watershed rehabilitation can control flooding by reducing the volume of surface flow each by 64.81% of the total surface flow in the Tallo Watershed.

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